In school we are usually taught about matter in one of three possible states. A boseeinstein condensate bec is a state of matter also called the fifth state of matter which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero 273. Condensation is the process of a substance in a gaseous state transforming into a liquid state. Dec 01, 2015 this feature is not available right now. K kelvin, coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entitythat is, one that can be described by a wave functionon a nearmacroscopic scale.
Jun 22, 2008 pdf download boseeinstein condensation international series of monographs on physics download. It dif fers from the condensation of a vapor into a liquid in that no spatial separation into phases with different properties oc curs in bec. Introduction to boseeinstein condensation 6 andthecriticaltemperature tc. The phenomenon of boseeinstein condensation of dilute gases in traps is. Nov 20, 2015 bose einstein condensation vulgarisation. A parts list for the apparatus is included in appendix b. Bose einstein condensation with neutral atoms, there was another possibility. Spinor boseeinstein condensates spinor boseeinstein condensates kawaguchi, yuki. Ebook thermodynamique statistique as pdf download portable. Pdf the theory of boseeinstein condensation of dilute gases.
A boseeinstein condensate bec is a state of matter also called the fifth state of matter which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to. Fermi sea and boseeinstein condensate of lithium isotopes. The dynamics of collapsing and exploding trapped boseeinstein condensat es caused by a sudden switch of interactions from repulsive to attractive a re studied by numerically integrating the gross. While we experience many of these in everyday life, some of the more exotic phases of matter are a little trickier. Configuration defined by a set of occupation numbers n. Fermionic condensate, a substance which occurs at very low temperatures in a system of fermions. Bose einstein condensate is a rare state or phase of matter in which a large percentage of bosons collapse into their lowest quantum state, allowing quantum effects to be observed on a macroscopic scale.
This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Read numerical methods for atomic quantum gases with applications to boseeinstein condensates and to ultracold fermions, physics reports on deepdyve, the largest online rental service. Pdf boseeinstein condensates are an ideal testing ground for quantum field. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read.
Below t c,thecondensatepopula tionvarieswithtemperatureas n0 n 1. Bose einstein condensate plural bose einstein condensates physics a gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state. Boseeinstein condensate, a substance which occurs at very low temperatures in a system of bosons. Introduction to statistical physics anthony john pointon. Pdf theory of boseeinstein condensation in trapped gases. Freefem days conference previous editions archives freefemfreefemdays. A boseeinstein condensate bec is a state of matter which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to. Boseeinstein condensate bec, a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero 0 k.
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